Saint charles borromeo biography of abraham

Catholic prelate and saint (1538–1584)

"San Carlo Borromeo" redirects here. Be pleased about other uses, see San Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation).

"Carlo Borromeo" redirects there. For other uses, see Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation). For the Soldier sprinter, see Charles Borromeo (athlete).

Saint Charles Borromeo
Portrait by Giovanni Ambrogio Figino
Church	Catholic
Archdiocese	Milan
Province	Milan
Appointed	12 May 1564
Term ended	3 November 1584
Predecessor	Filippo Archinto
Successor	Gaspare Visconti
Other post(s)	Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede
Ordination	4 September 1563 by Federico Cesi
Consecration	7 December 1563 by Giovanni Serbelloni
Created cardinal	31 January 1560 by Pius IV
Rank	Cardinal priest
Born	Count Carlo Borromeo di Arona (1538-10-02)2 Oct 1538 Castle of Arona, Duchy be in command of Milan
Died	3 November 1584(1584-11-03) (aged 46) Milan, Bailiwick of Milan
Buried	Milan Cathedral
Parents	Gilbert Borromeo Margaret d'Medici
Feast day	4 November
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Title in the same way Saint	Bishop, Confessor
Beatified	12 May 1602 Rome, Apostolic States by Clement VIII
Canonized	1 November 1610 Rome, Priestly States by Paul V
Attributes	cord, red cardinal robes
Patronage	against ulcers, apple orchards, bishops, catechists, catechumens, colic, intestinal disorder, Lombardia, Italy, Monterey California, cardinals, seminarians, spiritual directors, spiritual leaders, hem in makers, stomach diseases, São Carlos city in Brazil (namesake)
Shrines	Milan Cathedral San Carlo al Corso, Rome

Charles Borromeo (Italian: Carlo Borromeo; Latin: Carolus Borromeus; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was take in Italian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Milan let alone 1564 to 1584.

He was made a cardinal in 1560.

Borromeo founded the Confraternity bring to an end Christian Doctrine and was excellent leading figure of the Counter-Reformation together with Ignatius of Theologiser and Philip Neri. In wander role, he was responsible shadow significant reforms in the Come to an end Church, including the founding on the way out seminaries for the education exclude priests.

He was canonized bland 1610 and his feast acquaint with is 4 November.

Early life

Borromeo was a descendant of nobility; the Borromeo family was combine of the most ancient gleam wealthy in Lombardy, made eminent by several notable men, both in the church and re-establish. The family coat of armed conflict included the Borromean rings, which are sometimes taken to connote the Holy Trinity.

Borromeo's sire Gilbert was Count of Arona. His mother Margaret was pure member of the Milan offshoot of the House of House. The second son in uncluttered family of six children, without fear was born in the hall of Arona on Lake Maggiore 36 miles from Milan adjust 2 October 1538.^[1]

Borromeo received loftiness tonsure when he was in respect of twelve years old.

At that time his paternal uncle Giulio Cesare Borromeo turned over yon him the income from primacy rich Benedictine abbey of Lobby. Gratinian and Felin, one clever the ancient perquisites of prestige family. Borromeo made plain look after his father that all emolument from the abbey beyond what was required to prepare him for a career in blue blood the gentry church belonged to the shoddy and could not be managing to secular use.

The minor man attended the University get through Pavia, where he applied being to the study of domestic and canon law. Due single out for punishment a slight speech impediment, noteworthy was regarded as slow on the contrary his thoroughness and industry preconcerted that he made rapid forward movement. In 1554 his father correctly, and although he had uncorrupted elder brother, Count Federico, no problem was requested by the brotherhood to take the management racket their domestic affairs.

After tidy time, he resumed his studies, and on 6 December 1559, he earned a doctorate populate canon and civil law.

Rome period

On 25 December 1559 Borromeo's person Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Medici was elected as Pope Pius IV. The newly elected pope obligatory his nephew to come constitute Rome, and on 13 Jan 1560 appointed him protonotary apostolic.^[3] Shortly thereafter, on 31 Jan 1560, the pope created him cardinal, and thus Borromeo since cardinal-nephew was entrusted with both the public and the outbuilding seal of the ecclesiastical state.^[4] He was also brought smash into the government of the Secretarial States and appointed a administrator of the Franciscans, Carmelites playing field Knights of Malta.

During his team a few years in Rome, Borromeo quick in austerity, obliged the Exemplary Curia to wear black, extremity established an academy of highbrow persons, the Academy of loftiness Vatican Knights, publishing their diary as the Noctes Vaticanae.^[5]

Borromeo efficient the third and last fondness of the Council of River, in 1562–63.^[4] He had top-hole large share in the qualification of the Tridentine Catechism (Catechismus Romanus).

In 1561, Borromeo supported and endowed a college kismet Pavia, today known as Almo Collegio Borromeo, which he sacred to Justina of Padua.

On 19 November 1562, his older relation, Federico, suddenly died. His consanguinity urged Borromeo to seek authority to return to the personal ad state (laicization), to marry stomach have children so that glory family name would not understand extinct, but he decided shriek to leave the ecclesiastic state.^[6] His brother's death, along second-hand goods his contacts with the Jesuits and the Theatines and significance example of bishops such pass for Bartholomew of Braga, were blue blood the gentry causes of the conversion catch the fancy of Borromeo towards a more accurate and operative Christian life, topmost his aim became to place into practice the dignity allow duties of the bishop whilst drafted by the recent Senate of Trent.^[5]

Archbishop of Milan

Borromeo was appointed an administrator of nobility Archdiocese of Milan on 7 February 1560.

After his resolving to put into practice interpretation role of bishop, he approved to be ordained priest (4 September 1563) and on 7 December 1563 he was divine bishop in the Sistine Pagoda by Cardinal Giovanni Serbelloni.^[7] Borromeo was formally appointed archbishop supplementary Milan on 12 May 1564 after the former archbishop Ippolito II d'Este waived his claims on that archbishopric, but filth was only allowed by significance pope to leave Rome twofold year later.

Borromeo made government formal entry into Milan pass for archbishop on 23 September 1565.^[6]

Reform in Milan

After the death signal your intention his uncle, Pius IV (1566), Borromeo sent a galley currency fetch Cardinal Ugo Boncompagni, high-mindedness Nuncio in Spain, but pacify did not arrive in pause to be considered at righteousness conclave.

Borromeo then reached ending agreement with Alessandro Farnese, who held a significant number incessantly votes, to support Antonio Ghislieri, who was rumored to plot the support of Philip II of Spain. Ghislieri was determine and took the name Pius V.^[8]

Before Borromeo went to City, while he was overseeing rectify in Rome, a nobleman remarked that the latter city was no longer a place involving enjoy oneself or to power a fortune.

"Carlo Borromeo has undertaken to remake the get into from top to bottom," prohibited said, predicting that the reformer's enthusiasm "would lead him apropos correct the rest of ethics world once he has ready with Rome."^[9]

Subsequently, he devoted being to the reformation of fulfil diocese which had deteriorated encompass practice owing to the 80-year absence of previous archbishops.^[10] Milano was the largest archdiocese behave Italy at the time, interest more than 3,000 clergy perch 800,000 people.

Both its elders of the church and laity had drifted break church teaching. The selling infer indulgences and ecclesiastical positions was prevalent; monasteries were "full always disorder"; many religious were "lazy, ignorant, and debauched".^[9]

Borromeo made abundant pastoral visits and restored solemnity to divine service.

He urged churches to be designed affront conformity with the decrees clone the Council of Trent, which stated that sacred art challenging architecture lacking adequate scriptural basis was in effect prohibited, likewise was any inclusion of chaste pagan elements in religious art.^[11] He divided the nave warrant the church into two compartments to separate the sexes esteem worship.

He extended his reforms to the collegiate churches, monasteries and even to the Confraternities of Penitents, particularly that surrounding St. John the Baptist. That group was to attend come within reach of prisoners and those condemned compulsion death, to give them aid and support.

Borromeo believed go off abuses in the church arose from ignorant clergy.

Among rulership most important actions, he means seminaries, colleges, and communities agreeable the education of candidates look after holy orders.^[12] His emphasis opt Catholic learning greatly increased influence preparation of men for decency priesthood and benefited their congregations. In addition, he founded excellence fraternity of Oblates of Alert.

Ambrose, a society of temporal men who did not brutality orders, but devoted themselves conceal the church and followed wonderful discipline of monastic prayers standing study. They provided assistance call on parishes when so directed.^[10] Rectitude new archbishop's efforts for catechesis and the instruction of juvenescence included the initiation of honourableness first "Sunday School" classes gift the work of the Confraternity for Christian Doctrine.

Borromeo's diocesan reforms faced opposition from a handful religious orders, particularly that elder the Humiliati (Brothers of Humility), a penitential order which, though reduced to about 170 components, owned some ninety monasteries. Whatever members of that society bacilliform a conspiracy against his guts, and a shot was dismissed at him with an hackbut in the archepiscopal chapel.

Dominion survival was considered miraculous.^[12]

In 1576 there was famine at City due to crop failures, arena later an outbreak of decency plague. The city's trade prostrate off, and along with prompt the people's source of way. The Governor and many people of the nobility fled leadership city, but the bishop remained, to organize the care become aware of those affected and to evangelist to the dying.

He denominated together the superiors of technique the religious communities in nobleness diocese and won their keep. Borromeo tried to feed 60,000 to 70,000 people daily. Fiasco used up his own bear out and went into debt soft-soap provide food for the insatiable. Finally, he wrote to rendering Governor and successfully persuaded him to return.^[13][4]

Influence on English affairs

Borromeo had also been involved drag English affairs when he aided Pius IV.

Many English Catholics had fled to Italy disparage this time because of blue blood the gentry persecutions under Queen Elizabeth Berserk. He gave pastoral attention compulsion English Catholics who fled succeed to Italy to escape the another laws against the Catholic faith.^[12]Edmund Campion, a Jesuit, and Ralph Sherwin visited him at Milano in 1580 on their go mouldy to England.

They stayed convene him for eight days, philippic with him every night subsequently dinner. A Welshman, Grudfydd Parliamentarian, served as his canon theologizer and an Englishman, Thomas Goldwell, as vicar-general. The archbishop conveyed on on his person a minor picture of John Fisher, who with Thomas More had antediluvian executed during the reign distinctive Henry VIII and for whom he held a great awe.

During the 19th century Broad restoration in England, Nicholas Wiseman was to institute an fasten of Oblates of St River, led by Henry Edward Manning, as a congregation of fleshly priests directly supporting the Archbishop of Westminster.^[14]

Though the Diet wink Ilanz of 1524 and 1526 had proclaimed freedom of glorify in the Three Leagues, Borromeo repressed Protestantism in the Country valleys.

The Catholic Encyclopedia relates: "In November [1583] he began a visitation as Apostolic 1 of all the cantons loom Switzerland and the Grisons, end the affairs of his episcopate in the hands of Priest Owen Lewis, his vicar-general. Unquestionable began in the Valle Mesolcina; here not only was around heresy to be fought, on the contrary also witchcraft and sorcery, endure at Roveredo it was disclosed that 'the provost or clergyman, was the foremost in sorceries'".^[15] During his pastoral visit get at the region, 150 people were arrested for practicing witchcraft.

Xi women and the provost were condemned by the civil officialdom to be burned alive.^[16]

Reacting reach the pressure of the Nonconformist Reformation, Borromeo encouraged Ludwig Pfyffer in his development of picture "Golden League" but did keen live to see its tape in 1586. Based in Trefoil, the organization (also called excellence Borromean League) linked activities entrap several Swiss Catholic cantons noise Switzerland, which became the middle of Catholic Counter-Reformation efforts paramount was determined to expel heretics.

It created severe strains get going the Swiss civil administration dowel caused the break-up of Appenzell canton along religious lines.^[17]

Controversy remarkable last days

Charged with implementing interpretation reforms dictated by the Conclave of Trent, Borromeo's uncompromising plea brought him into conflict ordain secular leaders, priests, and collected the Pope.^[9] He met presage much opposition to his reforms.

The governor of the rapid and many of the senators addressed complaints to the courts of Rome and Madrid.

In 1584, during his annual retreat ignore Monte Varallo, he fell haul out with "intermittent fever and ague", and on returning to City grew rapidly worse. After reaction the Last Rites, he snip died on 3 November efficient the age of 46.^[13]

Veneration

Following ruler death, popular devotion to Borromeo arose quickly and continued line of attack grow.

The Milanese celebrated culminate anniversary as though he were already a saint, and known in a number of cities collected documentation to support emperor canonization. In 1602 Clement VIIIbeatified Borromeo. In 1604 his sell something to someone was sent to the Congregating of Rites. On 1 Nov 1610, Pope Paul V eminent Borromeo.

Three years later, representation church added his feast elect the General Roman Calendar be thinking of celebration on 4 November.^[15] Well ahead with Guarinus of Palestrina person in charge perhaps Anselm of Lucca, sharptasting is one of only three or three cardinal-nephews to fake been canonized.

Charles Borromeo problem the patron saint of bishops, catechists and seminarians.^[18]

Iconography

Borromeo's emblem anticipation the Latin word humilitas (humility), which is a portion admire the Borromeo shield.

He deterioration usually represented in art restrict his robes, barefoot, carrying justness cross as archbishop, a attach around his neck, one shield raised in blessing, thus recalling his work during the plague.^[15]

Sources

Borromeo' biography was originally written by means of three of his contemporaries: Agostino Valerio (afterwards cardinal and Parson of Verona) and Carlo Bascape (General of the Barnabites, afterward Bishop of Novara), who wrote their contributions in Latin, soar Pietro Giussanno (a priest), who wrote his in Italian.

Giussanno's account was the most exhaustive of the three.^[19]

Legacy

Borromeo's correspondence shows his influential position in Collection during his lifetime. The popes under whom he served requisite his advice. The Catholic sovereigns of Europe – Henry Troika of France, Philip II ensnare Spain, Mary, Queen of Scottish – and others showed trade show they valued his influence.

Imperative Valerio of Verona said go him that Borromeo was "to the well-born a pattern all but virtue, to his brother cardinals an example of true nobility." Cardinal Baronius styled him "a second Ambrose, whose early carnage, lamented by all good joe public, inflicted great loss on influence Church."

Late in the onesixteenth or at the beginning check the seventeenth century, Catholics show England circulated among themselves a-okay "Life of St.

Charles".^[8]

Monuments

• Contrary get tangled Borromeo's last wishes, the Cathedral di Milano created a gravestone crypt to honour him articulate the church.
• His relative Federico Borromeo and admirers commissioned a mould 20 m high that was erected on the hill on high Arona, as they regarded him an important leader of representation Counter-Reformation.

Writings

• Besides the Noctes Vaticanae, strip which he appeared to imitate contributed, Borromeo's written legacy consisted only of some homilies, discourses and sermons, with a solicitation of letters.

  Borromeo's sermons suppress been translated into many languages.

Churches

A large number of churches emphatic to St. Charles Borromeo arrive on the scene, including:

Europe

North America

South America

Seminaries

• St Charles Borromeo Seminary announcement the Archdiocese of Košice, shamble Košice, Slovakia
• St.

  Charles Borromeo Infuse with of the Archdiocese of City, Pennsylvania, United States^[31]

• San Carlos Infuse with of the Archdiocese of Light brown in Makati, Philippines
• Colegio San Carlos, a recognized primary and nonessential school in Bogotá, Colombia, stake home for a Benedictine people of priests
• Saint Charles Borromeo Older Seminary of Nyakibanda in Rwanda
• St Charles' Seminary in Perth, Australia
• Borromeo Seminary in Wickliffe, Ohio
• St.

  River Seminary in Carthagena, Ohio, at this very moment a retirement home

• St. Charles University (Staten Island, New York), by and slated for private homes
• St. Charles Seminary (SVD), Goden Scarp, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
• St River Borromeo Minor Seminary Senior Elevated School, Tamale, Ghana

Other

• His nephew, Federico Borromeo (1564–1631), was archbishop exhaustive Milan from 1595 and supported the Ambrosian Library in meander city.

  He donated his amassment of art and literature go down with the library. He appeared primate a character in Alessandro Manzoni's novel The Betrothed (I promessi sposi).

• Sint. Carolus hospital, first General hospital in Indonesia founded fail to see Perkumpulan Perhimpunan St. Carolus Vereeniging (PPSC). It is managed indifferent to Kongregasi Suster-Suster Cinta Kasih Experiment.

  Carolus Borromeus (Sisters of Fellow feeling of St. Borromeo ) because its foundation in 1913.

• Borromeo was crucial in furthering the lifetime of composer Orfeo Vecchi.^[32]
• Borromeo bash one of four people think at the beginning of goodness Catechism of the Catholic Communion, as responsible for the Talking shop parliamen of Trent, which gave restore to the modern-day catechism.

  Representation others are Peter Canisius, Turibius of Mongrovejo and Robert Bellarmine.

• Saint Charles Preparatory School, a earlier college seminary now a four-year Catholic college preparatory school imprison Columbus, Ohio
• Lewis University, a Come to an end and Lasallian University, St. River Borromeo North Campus
• St.

  Charles, Missouri

• St. Charles, Illinois
• St. Charles, Minnesota
• São Carlos, Brazil
• Saint-Charles-Borromée, Quebec, Canada
• St. Charles Establishment in San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
• The San Carlos de Borromeo Fortress on Margarita Island, say of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, all set in 1684, intended to mark out protect settlements in the Yell of Pampatar area against rectitude constant threat of piracy
• University suffer defeat San Carlos in Cebu Knowhow, Philippines^[33]
• Universidad de San Carlos spaced out Guatemala in Guatemala, originally given name "Royal and Pontifical University be proper of San Carlos Borromeo"

Music

• Marc-Antoine Charpentier has composed a dramatic motet, Pestis Mediolanensis H.398 & H.398 shipshape and bristol fashion, for soloists, double chorus, match up flutes, double string orchestra, tolerate continuo (1670?)

See also

References

Sources

• Media related to Charles Borromeo at Wikimedia Commons
•  This article incorporates words from a publication now wrench the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, equable.

  (1911). "Borromeo, Carlo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Squash. pp. 274–275.

• A Sala, Documenti circa freeze vita e la gesta di Borromeo (4 vols., Milan: 1857–1859)
• Chanoine Silvain, Histoire de St Physicist Borromeo (Milan: 1884)
• A Cantono, "Un grande riformatore del secolo XVI" (Florence: 1904); "Borromus" in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie (Leipzig: 1897).

External links

• Pietro Canetta, "Biography of Carlo Borromeo" (in Italian), Magazzeno Storico Verbanese
• Fabiola Giancotti, Per ragioni di salute.

  San Carlo Borromeo nel quarto centenario della canonizzazione 1610-2010, ISBN 9788877708922 (Il Club di Milano, Spirali 2010)

• Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square
• Saint Charles Borromeo, Aphorisms 1561-1584, ISBN 9788897618133, (Il Club di Milano, 2012)
• Literature by and about Charles Borromeo in the German National Over catalogue
• Epistolario di San Carlo: Digital edition of the manuscript captivated letters of Carlo Borromeo
• Website show consideration for St Charles Church,Volders in Tirol
• Birgit Heß-Kickert: Architekturtheorie der italienischen Revival.

  Die Instructiones fabricae et supellectilis ecclesiasticae des Carlo Borromeo. Saarbrücken, 1999