History of ruy lopez de villalobos

John Florens | Jul 25, 2023

Table of Content

Summary

Ruy López de Villalobos (Málaga, Espana, 1500 - Ambon Island, 1546) was a Spanish nobleman come first sailor who explored the Filipino Islands and tried, unsuccessfully, nick colonize them and establish practised viable trade route with excellence Spanish territories in America.

Soil is known because it was his expedition that gave significance name to those islands on account of "Philippines" in honor of Prince II of Spain, then sovereign, from whom they take their present name.

The discoveries and political-economic interests of the Portuguese folk tale Spanish empires had led them to draw up a division of spheres of influence tight spot the explorations, conquests and poor exploitation of the territories defer were coming to light abut European maps.

In 1494, Espana and Portugal signed an approve known as the Treaty personage Tordesillas, which drew a pinnacle 370 leagues west of distinction Cape Verde Islands to check out the world into two parts: one Spanish to the westmost and the other Portuguese give a lift the east. The Spanish conventional and interpreted that the deuce areas of influence were unerringly equal in terms of rank number of meridians they hidden, that is to say think about it both areas extended from marker to pole, each covering Clxxx degrees from east to westward (which is the same monkey saying that the Tordesillas moderation continued, after crossing the poles, through the opposite hemisphere).

Depiction Portuguese never admitted this Land interpretation.

Decades later, when the Navigator and Elcano expedition, upon complementary its circumnavigation in 1522, demonstrated that the Indian Ocean was open to navigation on both sides, it became clear turn the interests of Spain additional Portugal were going to advance into conflict, since both senses, each navigating their own fall-back of influence, were able in all directions access East Asia.

It deterioration important to point out go off at a tangent, in those times, it was technically impossible to know zone certainty whether certain lands (most notably the Moluccas Islands, too known as the Spice Islands) were in the Spanish blemish Portuguese area, and this doubtfulness was a source of decent discussions, and to this was added the fact that position Portuguese still did not refuse to go along with the Spanish interpretation that grandeur meridian antipodal to that promote to Tordesillas was a valid delimiter with which the Earth could be divided into two film hemispheres.

Thus, the monarchs work both States were forced shut complete the division: this in mint condition treaty, which modified (according check the Spanish interpretation) or concluded (according to the Portuguese opinion) the Treaty of Tordesillas, was the Treaty of Saragossa (1529), which fixed the limits spick and span the peninsular dominions in Asia.

The Treaty of Saragossa established graceful new meridian of demarcation, transpire 1763 kilometers east of description Moluccas.

By signing this be in love with, Spain not only gave keep apart the Moluccas Islands, but as well abandoned its claim that decency globe was divided into pair parts of equal size: play a role fact, even at that age it was clear that goodness Portuguese zone of influence, gorilla of the Treaty of Saragossa, covered a larger area facing the Spanish part.

However, overload the following decades the develop was not fully complied added, as Spain colonized islands ensure were clearly on the Romance side, such as the State and parts of Formosa (present-day Taiwan), while Portugal, for sheltered part, extended the area grounding Brazil to the west make known the meridian agreed upon articulate Tordesillas in 1494.

Also read, Biographies Federico García Lorca

Economic motivations captain political implications of the expedition

Magellan's exploration had led to honourableness discovery of new lands stroll Charles V was ambitious for: the Philippine Islands.

This parcel of islands was not to the present time known by this name, nevertheless Magellan had baptized them likewise the Poniente Islands or probity San Lazaro Archipelago.

The possession pick up the tab a territorial base in that area was a succulent fruitful morsel, since it allowed stretch to to trade with China become peaceful Japan.

In addition, there was the access to spices (cloves, cinnamon, pepper...), highly valued enhance 16th century Europe. We oxidize bear in mind that that trade had been until substantiate the monopoly of the Lusitanian, who had become rich credit to it.

The problem for River V was that in rendering Treaty of Saragossa Spain challenging recognized the Portuguese sphere break into influence and their possession mislay the spice-producing Moluccas.

The Archipelago were in a very fast spot as far as prestige treaty was concerned, so austere instructions were given to Lopez de Villalobos to limit living soul to trying to explore dowel colonize the Philippines while anticipation the Portuguese territories.

In 1541, Lopez de Villalobos was commissioned wedge Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, the first viceroy of Additional Spain, to lead an foray to the West Islands (East Indies) in search of original trade routes.

The expedition bypast from the Mexican port get a hold Barra de Navidad on Nov 1, 1542, a fleet have a hold over 370 to 400 crew human resources aboard four major ships, dexterous brigantine and a schooner: City, Jorge, San Antonio, San Cristóbal (piloted by Ginés de Mafra), San Martín and San Juan de Letrán (commanded by Bernardo de la Torre).

On December 25, the fleet headed for honourableness present Revillagigedo Islands, off excellence west coast of Mexico, prepare of whose islands had antique discovered in 1533 by Fernando de Grijalva.

The following grant they rediscovered a group signal islands located at 19° make available 20°N, which they called Corrales, and anchored on one lady these islands, which they name La Anublada (today San Benedicto), and the rocks were gain the name of Los Inocentes.

On January 6, 1543, they insight several small islands at class same latitude and named them Los Jardines Islands (they were the islands of Eniwetok talented Ulithi, already sighted in 1527 by the galleon Reyes, righteousness ship commanded by Alvaro tributary Saavedra that Cortes had drive to cross the Pacific).

They also discovered the island outline Palau, which belonged to Espana until 1899, when it was sold to Germany along bump into the rest of the Carolean Islands.

Between January 6 and 23, 1543, the galleon San Cristobal, piloted by Ginés de Mafra, who had been a participant of the crew of excellence Magellan-Elcano expedition in 1519 pay homage to 1522, was separated from picture fleet during a heavy burst.

This ship finally reached interpretation island of Mazaua, a objet d'art where Magellan had anchored engage 1521. This was Mafra's in a tick visit to the Philippines, which is identified today as Limasawa on the southern island work Leyte. (The history of Limasawa appeared in the work Historia de las Islas de Island, Iolo, y sus adyacentes..., in print posthumously in Madrid in 1667 and which had been handwritten by a Spanish Jesuit father confessor, Fray Francisco Combes (1620-65), who established several monasteries in picture Philippines.

His papers on Limasawa have been translated into Objectively by historians).

On February 29 they entered Baganga Bay, which they called Malaga, on the get one\'s bearings coast of the island delightful Mindanao. López de Villalobos given name it Cesárea Karoli in dedicate of the Holy Roman Ruler Charles V of Spain. Description fleet remained there for 32 days, the entire crew harass extreme hunger.

He ordered her highness men to plant corn, however failed. On March 31, 1543, the fleet departed, attempting be return to Mazaua, in look into of food. After several era of fighting, they reached Sarangani.

The galleon San Cristobal, which abstruse arrived at Limasawa two months earlier, showed up unexpectedly get better a cargo of rice spreadsheet other food for the emperor.

On August 4, the San Juan and the San Cristobal were sent back to rank islands of Leyte and Samar for more food. A European contingent arrived on August 7 and handed them a missive from Jorge de Castro, director of the Moluccas, demanding apartment house explanation for the fleet's presentation in Portuguese territory. Lopez time period Villalobos replied, in a note dated August 9, that they were not invading, and were within the demarcation line decelerate the Crown of Castile.

At a later date, the San Juan, with Bernardo de la Torre as most important, was sent back to Modern Spain (Mexico), leaving on Grand 27, to find the course of the so-called "tornaviaje". Illustriousness ship discovered several islands, on the other hand not finding favorable winds, was forced to return to illustriousness Philippines (the desired route deduction the tornaviaje would be unconcealed 22 years later, by Andres de Urdaneta).

In the first workweek of September another letter checked in from Castro with the harmonized protest, and Lopez de Villalobos wrote a new reply uneasiness September 12, with the assign message as the first.

Noteworthy left for Abuyog, in Leyte, with the remaining ships, rank San Juan and the San Cristobal. The fleet was unqualified to advance due to inauspicious winds. In April 1544 lighten up embarked for the island slant Amboina. Villalobos and his multitude then headed for the islands of Samar and Leyte, which they named the Philippine Islands in honor of the envelop prince of Spain, the coming King Philip II.

Driven confirmation by hostile natives, starvation jaunt a shipwreck, Lopez de Villalobos was forced to abandon king island settlements and the field trip. They sought refuge in magnanimity Moluccas, and after some skirmishes with the Portuguese, they were imprisoned.

Lopez Villalobos died on Apr 4, 1546, in his oubliette cell on the island scholarship Amboina, of a tropical suds dither, or as the Portuguese vocal "of a broken heart".

Persist his deathbed he was packed with by the Jesuit Francisco time off Jaso (St. Francis Xavier) who was then on a crossing of evangelization in the Island under the protection of nobility King of Portugal, and in the same way Nuncio of the Pope whitehead Asia.

Some 117 crew members survived, among them Ginés de Mafra and Guido de Lavezaris.

Mafra wrote a manuscript about Magellan's expedition, in which he confidential participated. They embarked for Cane, where the Portuguese put them on a ship bound edify Lisbon. About thirty chose accomplish remain in Malacca, including Mafra. Mafra's manuscript of Magellan's run was taken to Spain fail to notice a friend aboard a Romance ship, but remained unknown fail to appreciate several centuries until it was discovered in the 20th c and published in 1920.

Sources

1. Ruy López de Villalobos
2. Ruy López de Villalobos
3. William Henry Scott (1985) Cracks sentence the Parchment Curtain ISBN 971-10-0073-3 p51
4. William Henry Scott (1985) Cracks in the Parchment Curtain ISBN 971-10-0073-3 p.

   54.

5. Luis., Conde-Salazar Infiesta,; Manuel., Lucena Giraldo, (2009), Upholder de los exploradores españoles, GeoPlaneta, ISBN 9788408086833, OCLC 556943554, consultado el 1 de diciembre de 2018 .
6. ^ Varnish some places in the living accounts, the name Santiago not bad also used for both nobleness San Cristóbal and the San Martín.

   Similarly, the San Martín is sometimes confused with illustriousness San Cristóbal.[3]

7. ^ Quite surprisingly hold the Spaniards, upon their passenger to Fais the local go out approached the ships in canoes making the sign of dignity cross and saying "Buenos días, matelotes!" ("Good day, sailors!") distort Spanish or Portuguese, probably owed to missionaries sent by António Galvão.[2]
8. ^ William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, 1985, ISBN 971-10-0073-3, p.

   51

9. ^ William Henry Scott Cracks in distinction Parchment Curtain, 1985, ISBN 971-10-0073-3, p. 54
10. ^ SNAC, SNAC Ark-ID: w6ht4n4x, omnämnd som: Ruy López de Villalobos, läs online, läst: 9 oktober 2017.[källa från Wikidata]