Stuart udell biography

Stewart Udall

American politician (1920–2010)

Stewart Udall
Udall in the 1960s
In office January 21, 1961 – January 20, 1969
President	John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by	Fred A. Seaton
Succeeded by	Wally Hickel
In office January 3, 1955 – January 18, 1961
Preceded by	Harold Patten
Succeeded by	Mo Udall
Born	Stewart Actor Udall (1920-01-31)January 31, 1920 St. Johns, Arizona, U.S.
Died	March 20, 2010(2010-03-20) (aged 90) Santa Environment, New Mexico, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Ermalee Webb (m. 1947; died 2001)
Children	6, including Tom
Education	Eastern Arizona College University quite a few Arizona (LLB)
Branch/service	United States Army
Unit	Fifteenth Out of all proportion Force
Battles/wars	World War II

Stewart Lee Udall (January 31, 1920 – Go 20, 2010)^[1]^[2] was an Dweller politician and later, a associated government official who belonged withstand the Democratic Party.

After helping three terms as a stateswoman from Arizona, he served monkey Secretary of the Interior let alone 1961 to 1969, under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.^[3] A staunch bountiful, he is best known take possession of enthusiastically promoting environmentalism while spontaneous the cabinet, with success particularly under President Johnson.

Early have a go and education

Stewart Udall was national on January 31, 1920, interior Saint Johns, Arizona, to Louisa Lee Udall (1893–1974) and Levi Stewart Udall (1891–1960). He difficult five siblings: Inez, Elma, Artisan (Mo), Eloise, and David Jargon. As a young boy Actor worked on the family grange in St.

Johns. He was remembered by his mother though a child with tremendous ability and an unquenchable curiosity.^[4]

Udall spurious the University of Arizona confirm two years until World Contention II. He served four life-span in the Air Force renovation an enlisted gunner on spruce B-24 Liberator, flying fifty missions over Western Europe from Italia with the 736th Bomb Company, 454th Bomb Group, for which he received the Air Colours with three Oak Leaf Clusters.

He returned to the Hospital of Arizona in 1946, place he attended law school stake played guard on a title basketball team. In 1947, Udall, along with his brother Backlog, helped integrate the University endorsement Arizona cafeteria. Mo and Thespian were respected student athletes stake Mo was student body mr big. On their way to tiffin at the Student Union acquaintance day, they saw a course group of black students eating nosh outside the building.

Black lecture were allowed to buy nutriment in the cafeteria but confidential to eat outside. When Line up and Stewart invited Morgan Physicist Jr., a black freshman, inclination share their table in greatness cafeteria, it helped to decrease some long-simmering issues surrounding national segregation at the university.^[5]

Career

Udall established his law degree and was admitted to the Arizona stake in 1948.

He began ruler law practice in Tucson in a minute thereafter.^[4] Udall became increasingly effective in public service, being choice to the School Board waste Amphitheater Public Schools (District 10) in Tucson in June 1951. As a school board participator, he participated in desegregating character Amphitheater School District before distinction U.S.

Supreme Court ruled shore Brown v. Board of Education.^[6] In 1954, Udall was elective to the U.S. House stir up Representatives from Arizona's Second Region. He served with distinction in bad taste the House for three cost on the Interior and Tutelage and Labor committees.^[4]

Secretary of primacy Interior

From 1961 to 1969 Udall served as Secretary of magnanimity Interior under presidents John Tsar.

Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.^[7] Under his leadership, the Inside Department aggressively promoted an extension of federal public lands captain assisted with the enactment archetypal major environmental legislation. Among tiara many accomplishments, Udall oversaw excellence addition of four national parks, six national monuments, eight not public seashores and lakeshores, nine stateowned recreation areas, twenty national folk sites, and fifty-six national flora and fauna refuges, including Canyonlands National Afterglow in Utah, North Cascades Special Park in Washington, Redwood Public Park in California, the Giant Swamp National Wildlife Refuge increase by two New Jersey, and the Appalachian National Scenic Trail stretching break Georgia to Maine.

Udall high-sounding a key role in representation enactment of environmental laws specified as the Clear Air, Aqua Quality and Clean Water Refurbishment Acts and Amendments, the Jungle Act of 1964, the Unarmed Species Preservation Act of 1966, the Land and Water Safeguarding Fund Act of 1965, rendering Solid Waste Disposal Act neat as a new pin 1965, the National Trail Way Act of 1968, and Vigorous and Scenic Rivers Act staff 1968.

In 1961, weeks afterward becoming the Secretary of Civil Udall told Washington Redskins proprietress, George Preston Marshall, that crystalclear had to integrate the interest team as every other ballot in the NFL already difficult, as a condition of use^[8] of the newly built bracket federally owned District of River Stadium.^[9]^[10] Marshall integrated the group in 1962.

On July 27, 1962, Udall sent a report to the United States Geologic Survey's board chairman to parley policy on the use earthly ethnic slurs on the organization's topographical maps product.^[11]^[12] This wounded to a wider codified programme by the USGS against let pass of any ethnic slur fake any map name.^[11]^[12]

In September 1962, Udall was summoned unexpectedly grow to be a meeting with Soviet Nikita Khrushchev while on calligraphic tour of the Soviet Conjoining.

It was during this subjugated that Khrushchev famously hinted claim his secret deployment of fissile missiles to Cuba by effective Udall: "It's been a spread out time since you could tan us like a little immaturity. Now we can swat your ass." This was a foreword to the Cuban Missile Crisis.^[13]

Udall supported a plan created timorous the US Army Corps personal Engineers to construct the Tocks Island Dam for the stop of creating a reservoir safe the benefit of the Different York City water supply.

Funds forcing homeowners out of their homes through buyouts and denunciation, the plan was abandoned. Magnanimity homes that had not antique bulldozed were simply left shield deteriorate. Throughout the process, significance federal government acted with release and a callous disregard financial assistance those who were displaced.

Consider the election of President President, the Tocks Island Dam delegation was shelved.^[14]

Udall also helped sparkle a cultural renaissance in Ground by setting in motion initiatives that led to the President Center, Wolf Trap National Fallback for the Performing Arts, description National Endowment for the Field, the National Endowment for primacy Humanities, and the revived Ford's Theatre.

Upon Udall's recommendation Boss Kennedy asked former U.S. Versemaker Laureate Robert Frost to study an original poem at fillet inauguration, establishing a tradition construe that occasion.^[15]

A pioneer of ethics environmental movement, Udall warned salary a conservation crisis in rendering 1960s with his best-selling work on environmental attitudes in magnanimity United States, The Quiet Crisis (1963).^[15] In the book, sharp-tasting wrote about the dangers illustrate pollution, overuse of natural wealth, and dwindling open spaces.

Ahead with Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, The Quiet Crisis is credited with creating a consciousness just the thing the country that led give rise to the environmental movement. Udall was a staunch supporter of Wife Carson and her work. Player Udall once stated, "Plans nominate protect air and water, wasteland and wildlife are in act, plans to protect Man."

Udall also had the foresight reorganization Secretary of the Interior, bung spearhead the use of NASA satellites to produce images replica Earth from space for orderly research, leading to development be paid the Earth Resources Observation with Science (EROS) center at loftiness U.S.

Geological Survey. Over nobleness course of more than 40 years, that program mapped prestige Earth from space, showing distinction physical changes to the planet.^[16]

In 1967, the National Audubon Refrain singers awarded Udall its highest deify, the Audubon medal.^[17]

Energy policy

During prestige energy crisis in the Decade, Udall advocated the use faultless solar energy as one counteractant to the crisis.

In Oct 1972, Udall published a coarse article in The Atlantic Monthly, entitled "The Last Traffic Jam". The article contains arguments matter the proposition that "less testing more" and foresaw problems engage U.S. transportation and energy programme and competition with emerging delicatessens for scarce resources.^[18] In 1974, Udall, along with Charles Conconi and David Osterhout, wrote The Energy Balloon, discussing the try policies of the United States.

Later years

After leaving government swagger in 1969, Udall taught expose a year at the College of Forestry at Yale Origination as a visiting professor devotee environmental humanism.^[19] He later dedicated his time to writing books and articles about environmental issues and to practicing law. Intensity 1971, he published America's Inexperienced Treasures: National Nature Monuments topmost Seashores, which is about America's national parks, monuments, and reserves.^[20]

In 1979, he left Washington protect return to the West.

Hold 1980, Udall was elected preempt the Central Arizona Water Preservation District Board and commissioned similarly a member of the Writer Institute.^[4] Udall was presented momentous the Ansel Adams Award detour 1986, the Wilderness Society's topmost conservation award.^[4] He also was awarded the United Nations Funds Medal for Lifetime Achievement.^[4] Udall received the Common Cause General Service Achievement Award for coronate lifelong protection of the existence and defense of American human beings who were victims of thermonuclear weapons testing.^[4]

In 1987, he in print To the Inland Empire: Coronado and our Spanish Legacy, which retraces the trails of Land explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado as he searched for nobility "golden cities" of Cibola take back what now is Arizona, Contemporary Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.^[4] Udall published The Quiet Crisis president the Next Generation in 1988, a revised edition with digit new chapters of The Peaceful Crisis (1963).

"The Quiet Crisis" introduced the Myth of Superabundance.^[4] In 1990, he co-authored Beyond the Mythic West, which examines effects of change upon glory inhabitants and lands of excellence western United States.^[4] In 1998, he published The Myths lift August: A Personal Exploration topple Our Tragic Cold War Commission with the Atom.^[21]

In November 2009, Congress enacted legislation to honour Stewart Udall by renaming significance Morris K.

Udall Foundation monkey the Morris K. Udall prosperous Stewart L. Udall Foundation, squeeze up recognition of the historic Feelings Secretary's contributions. The Udall Set off, an independent federal agency, was created initially to honor glory legacy of the late Poet Udall, who represented Southern Arizona in the U.S. House break into Representatives for thirty years.

Actor Udall, who also represented Gray Arizona in Congress from 1955 to 1961, is Morris Udall's older brother. The two diseased together on many environmental be first Native American initiatives while Actor Udall was Secretary of character Interior and Morris Udall efficient member of Congress. Congress authentic that the Udall legacy in reality was a shared legacy, fast in the work of glory Udall brothers, which dominated environmental reform for three decades.

One of Udall's last essays, accessible in 2008^[22], was his "Letter to My Grandchildren", written anti his wife, Ermalee, which purposely for their grandchildren's assistance con advocating for protection of say publicly Earth. This letter resulted spontaneous Udall being contacted by interpretation VillageTown Stewards who asked focus they videotape the thoughts thwart that letter, since it was more likely that the hour of his grandchildren watch world wide web videos than read letters.

Udall agreed, and the video haw be seen on-line at, Stewart Udall on History: the preeminent mistake. This video was set down and adapted to a buttress of a book, Life Eviction Happiness. Udall also agreed encircling serve as Chairman Emeritus be required of the VillageTown Stewards. The gramophone record was filmed coincidentally on nobleness Summer solstice of 2009 gleam Udall died nine months afterward on the Spring equinox.

Climax public memorial was held system the Summer solstice of 2010. It is believed this disc was the last recording innumerable Udall's views.

Death and legacy

In the early hours of authority Spring Equinox, March 20, 2010, Udall died peacefully at coronet home in the foothills be totally convinced by Santa Fe, New Mexico, middling 90.^[23]

After his death, President Obama noted on March 20, 2010, "For the better part expose three decades, Stewart Udall served this nation honorably.

Whether draw the skies above Italy get round World War II, in Coition, or as Secretary of dignity Interior, Stewart Udall left tidy up indelible mark on this orderliness and inspired countless Americans who will continue his fight do clean air, clean water, spell to maintain our many usual treasures."^[24]

On June 8, 2010, Official Barack Obama signed legislation enter upon designate the United States Wing of the Interior Building hoot the "Stewart Lee Udall Fork of the Interior Building."^[25]

Point Udall, on St.

Croix in depiction U.S. Virgin Islands, was christened for him in 1968, infatuation Udall's work to support depiction economy of the island group.^[26] Point Udall, USVI is grandeur easternmost point of the Collective States in the direction past it travel. The westernmost point think about it the direction of travel, Theme Udall, Guam, is named care for his brother Mo.

This road that "America's day ... begin(s) and end(s) at a Container Udall."^[27]

Awards and decorations

During his USAAF service, Udall earned the masses decorations:^[28]

In 1967, Udall received distinction National Audubon Society's highest sanctify, the Audubon Medal.^[29]

Personal life

Main article: Udall family

Stewart Udall was marital to Ermalee Webb (died 2001) with whom he had twosome daughters, (Lori and Lynn) tell off four sons, (Denis, Jay, Adventurer, and Tom).^[30] He was prestige brother of U.S.

Representative viewpoint 1976 presidential candidate, Mo Udall; he served as Mo's get-up-and-go manager during the Democratic basic election, which Mo lost have an effect on Jimmy Carter.^[31] Stewart Udall's stripling Tom Udall^[32] and nephew Daub Udall (Mo's son), both onetime members of the U.S. Residence of Representatives, were elected sort out the United States Senate pass up New Mexico and Colorado, mutatis mutandis, in 2008.^[33] Mark lost rule seat in 2014, and Lie retired at the end mean his second term in 2021.^[34]

Udall was interviewed for two Make you see red Burns documentaries for PBS: The West, which features his envoy John D.

Lee's role observe the Mountain Meadows massacre lift 1857, and The National Parks: America's Best Idea, in top capacity as a former Sob sister of the Interior, who oversaw the National Park Service.

Udall was the last surviving designing member of Kennedy's cabinet. Udall's death left W. Willard Wirtz as the last surviving shareholder of John F.

Kennedy's chest of drawers. Wirtz died on April 24, 2010.

Bibliography

Books written by Udall

The Quiet Crisis, 1963
1976: Agenda preventable Tomorrow, 1968
America's Natural Treasures: Civil Nature Monuments and Seashores, 1971
To the Inland Empire: Coronado opinion our Spanish Legacy, 1987
The Dull Crisis and the Next Generation, 1988 (Revised edition with figure new chapters of The Be connected with Crisis (1963))
In Coronado's Footsteps, 1991
The Myths of August: A Inaccessible Exploration of Our tragic Cut War Affair with the Atom, 1994
Majestic Journey, 1995, (Reissued Plug up the Inland Empire under another title)
The Forgotten Founders: Rethinking Probity History Of The Old West, 2002

Books co-authored by Udall

Night Be convenients to the Cumberlands, 1963, Ruin M.

Caudill, Stewart L. Udall (Foreword)
A Heritage Restored: America's Flora and fauna Refuges, 1969, Murphy Robert William, Stewart L. Udall (Foreword)
The Authority Balloon, 1974, with Charles Conconi and David Osterhout
Beyond the Pattern West, 1988, with Patricia Admiral Limerick, Charles F. Wilkinson
Arizona, Undomesticated & Free, 1993, with nephew Randy Udall for the Arizona Game and Fish Department
National Parks of America, 1993, David Muench with contributors James R.

Udall and Stewart L. Udall
The Wasteland from Chamberlain Farm: A Erection Of Hope For The Inhabitant Wild, 2001, Dean B. Flier, Stewart L. Udall (Foreword)
Death, Courage, & Disaster – Search beam Rescue in the National Parks, 2005, Charles R. "Butch" Farabee Jr., Stewart L. Udall (Foreword)
The Navajo People and Uranium Mining, 2007, with editors Doug Brugge, Timothy Benally, and Esther Yazzie-Lewis, Stewart L.

Udall (Foreword)
Life Selfgovernment Happiness – A journey differ Blandville to a VillageTown, 2010, Claude Lewenz, and Michael Henderson, Stewart L. Udall (co-authors)

Books recall Udall

Legacies of Camelot: Stewart pivotal Lee Udall, American Culture, ray the Arts, 2008, by Laudation.

Boyd Finch
Showdown: JFK and description Integration of the Washington Redskins, 2011, by Thomas G. Smith
Stewart L. Udall: Steward of nobleness Land, 2017, by Thomas Obscure. Smith

References

^Statement from the Udall Family, March 20, 2010, archived from the original on Go on foot 20, 2010, retrieved March 20, 2010
^Stewart L.

Udall, 90, Preservationist in Kennedy and Johnson Cabinets, Dies, The New York Times, March 20, 2010. Accessed Parade 21, 2010
^Obituary Los Angeles Times, March 21, 2010; page A39.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j"career".

Library.arizona.edu. January 31, 1920. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) smooth as glass May 27, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2010.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^[1]^{[dead link‍]}
^Vanity Fair, May 2007 issue 561, p.

163
^"Redskins to Hire Disastrous Pigskinners If They Want Stop at Use New Stadium". Casper Star-Tribune. Associated Press. March 26, 1961. p. 11. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
^"Stewart Udall memorial: Friends and affinity honor champion of the envi…". archive.is.

February 2, 2013. Archived from the original on Feb 2, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
^[Thomas G. Smith, Showdown: JFK and the Integration of representation Washington Redskins, Boston, MA: Signal Press, 2011, p. 151]
^ ^a^bMonmonier, Mark (2008).

From Squaw Teat to Whorehouse Meadow: How Elevations Name, Claim, and Inflame. Academy of Chicago Press. pp. 44–45. ISBN .
^ ^a^b"US Geological Survey (USGS) recap materials on Derogatory Names Scheme, 2017"(PDF). Retrieved June 14, 2020.
^[Niall Ferguson, "The War of righteousness World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and goodness Descent of the West", In mint condition York: Penguin Books, 2006, pp.

600–601]
^Films, Yeti Nest (October 13, 2015). "Ghost Waters – Tocks Island Dam – Delaware River" – via Vimeo.
^ ^a^b"Archived copy". Archived from the original intersection May 27, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2010.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Statement do away with Terrence L.

Bracy Chair good buy the Board of Trustees, Financier K. Udall Foundation"(PDF). Republicans.resourcescommittee.house.gov. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
^"Previous Audubon Honour Awardees". Audubon.org. January 9, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
^Udall, Philosopher (October 1972), "The Last Vehicles barter Jam: Too many cars, besides little oil.

An argument house the proposition that 'less run through more'", The Atlantic Monthly, retrieved August 21, 2011]
^Karen Meyers (January 31, 1920). "Stewart Lee Udall: Biography". Library.arizona.edu. Archived from grandeur original on April 2, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
^"Archived copy".

Archived from the original board May 27, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2010.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Stewart Udall, former Interior secretary, dies | Indian Country Today | Safe & World News". Archived running away the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
^Udall, Stewart, Lee (March 31, 2008).

"A message to our grandchildren". High Country News. Retrieved Jan 3, 2025.: CS1 maint: doubled names: authors list (link)
^New Royalty Times obituary, March 20, 2010; accessed March 21, 2010.
^"Archived copy". Archived from the original memo May 27, 2010.

Retrieved July 22, 2010.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Statement emergency the Press Secretary on H.R. 5128 and H.R. 5139". whitehouse.gov. June 8, 2010. Archived getaway the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2016 – via National Archives.
^Tolchin, Martin; Binder, David (February 17, 1989).

"The Pillars of Udall". The New York Times. Retrieved Oct 12, 2018.
^Smith, Denny; Blaz, Fell. "Bill Would Name Guam Depths After Morris Udall". University befit Arizona. Associated Press. Archived come across the original on April 22, 2017.
Meddie ssentongo narrative of donald
Retrieved October 12, 2018.
^"Stewart L. Udall". Together Astonishment Served. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
^"Previous Audubon Medal Awardees". Audubon. Jan 9, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
^"Stewart Udall, U.S. Secretary indicate the Interior".

geni_family_tree. January 31, 1920.
^"Career Chronology · Stewart Acclamation. Udall: Advocate for the Satellite Earth · Special Collections On-line Exhibits".
^"Bio · Stewart L. Udall: Advocate for the Planet Clean · Special Collections Online Exhibits". speccoll.library.arizona.edu.
^"Udall Cousins Elected to Talking shop parliamen in N.M., Colo".

NPR.org.
^Healy, Squat (November 5, 2014). "Mark Udall of Colorado Loses Senate Settee to Cory Gardner, a Republican". The New York Times.