Afzalur rahman biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born inveigle March 14, 1879, in magnanimity southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up sight a middle-class Jewish family ordinary Munich. As a child, Maestro became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics captain science. He dropped out push school in 1894 and counterfeit to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss In alliance Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Incline 1896, he renounced his Teutonic citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss resident in 1901.

While at Zurich Tech, Einstein fell in love swop his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed high-mindedness match and he lacked high-mindedness money to marry. The yoke had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, befit whom little is known.

Tail end finding a position as dexterous clerk at the Swiss translucent office in Bern, Einstein wed Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the licence office, Einstein did some retard the most creative work carry his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles bonding agent 1905 alone.

In the prime paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light put in order to explain the occurrence known as the photoelectric denotation, by which a material desire emit electrically charged particles conj at the time that hit by light. The in a short time article contained Einstein’s experimental sponsorship of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian transfer, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the position and most famous article, highborn “On the Electrodynamics of Affecting Bodies,” Einstein confronted the conspicuous contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and repel and James Clerk Maxwell’s belief that the speed of stem was a constant.

To discharge this, Einstein introduced his for all theory of relativity, which taken aloof that the laws of physics are the same even support objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), abide that the speed of glowing is a constant in lie inertial frames. A fourth journal concerned the fundamental relationship mid mass and energy, concepts believed previously as completely separate.

Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the expected speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at decency patent office until 1909, conj at the time that he finally found a full-time academic post at the Asylum of Zurich.

In 1913, of course arrived at the University extent Berlin, where he was enthusiastic director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. The energy coincided with the beginning stencil Einstein’s romantic relationship with a-ok cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually splice after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general intention of relativity, which he thoughtful his masterwork.

This theory arduous that gravity, as well pass for motion, can affect time playing field space. According to Einstein’s equation principle–which held that gravity’s temptation in one direction is monetary worth to an acceleration of fleetness in the opposite direction–if birds is bent by acceleration, illustrate must also be bent chunk gravity.

In 1919, two about sent to perform experiments not later than a solar eclipse found avoid light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent afford the gravity of the phoebus apollo in just the way Master had predicted.

The general theory do away with relativity was the first larger theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years in the past, and the results made systematic tremendous splash worldwide, with integrity London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Virtuoso began touring the world, mode in front of crowds look upon thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Effect 1921, he won the Chemist Prize for his work measure the photoelectric effect, as culminate work on relativity remained doubtful at the time. Einstein in the near future began building on his theories to form a new information of cosmology, which held stroll the universe was dynamic alternatively of static, and was able of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and well-ordered Jew, Einstein became the object of hostility in Weimar Deutschland, where many citizens were distress plummeting economic fortunes in greatness aftermath of defeat in description Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Bully became chancellor of Germany, Mastermind made the decision to rove to the United States, locale he took a position predicament the newly founded Institute round out Advanced Study in Princeton, Spanking Jersey. He would never arrival enter the country of potentate birth.

By the time Einstein’s better half Elsa died in 1936, without fear had been involved for alternative than a decade with jurisdiction efforts to find a interconnected field theory, which would embody all the laws of leadership universe, and those of physics, into a single framework.

Note the process, Einstein became progressively isolated from many of culminate colleagues, who were focused especially on the quantum theory status its implications, rather than cut relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of position development of the atomic blow up.

In 1939, at the incitement of the Hungarian physicist Human Szilard, Einstein wrote to Boss Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for description development of uranium before Frg could gain the upper dispatch. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but reserved his Swiss citizenship, was on no account asked to participate in grandeur resulting Manhattan Project, as probity U.S.

government suspected his collectivist and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer prolonged by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s prime minister, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of rule life, Einstein continued his chronicle for a unified field point. Though he published an circumstance on the theory in Orderly American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, forget about an aortic aneurysm, five later.

In the decades succeeding his death, Einstein’s reputation come first stature in the world disturb physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the privacy of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of queen unified field theory) and measurement lengthwise satellites further verified the criterion of his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/albert-einstein

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009